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 Вторник, 25 Ноября 2014

Степанян Давид

Взгляд из Москвы: Российско-абхазский договор поставил крест на проекте железной дороги в Армению через Абхазию и Грузию

Взгляд из Москвы: Российско-абхазский договор поставил крест на проекте железной дороги в Армению через Абхазию и Грузию

К сожалению, по сути, российско-абхазский договор поставил крест на проекте
железной дороги в Армению через Абхазию и Грузию.  Подобное мнение выразил АрмИнфо руководитель
аналитического центра "Alte et Certe" Андрей Епифанцев, комментируя
заключенный 24 ноября стратегический договор между Россией и Абхазией.


"В этом контексте, в разрезе
заключенного договора особо возмутительно абсурдно выглядят слова Владимира
Путина о возобновлении проекта железной дороги в Армению через Абхазию и
Грузию. Абхазы отказывались от этой дороги, потому что боялись, что ее
постройка оживит их политические контакты с Грузией. Экономически же она им
была не нужна потому, что Россия и так их кормила и им просто не надо было
работать", - отметил он.


Меж тем, с Грузией, по оценкам эксперта,
была совершенно иная ситуация. В деполитизированном варианте экономически для
Грузии эта дорога была, безусловно, выгодна. Проблемой в огромной степени
зависимого от Азербайджана Тбилиси, в случае ее запуска, стал бы мощный
экономический удар от Баку, который привел бы к повышению стоимости бензина,
газа, многого другого. И в этих условиях объяснить грузинскому народу
необходимость этой дороги можно было только политическими уступками России по
отколовшимся территориям.


"Таким образом, улучшающий положение
Абхазии договор имеет отношение и к Грузии. 
Он консервирует абхазский этнический проект в теперешнем, противоречащем
реальности, виде. Отныне не существовавшие и раньше шансы на то, что Абхазия
добровольно вернется в Грузию, в глазах грузинского обывателя выглядят еще
призрачнее. Соответственно, и получение согласия Грузии на дорогу становится
призрачнее тоже. Это простая дилемма: либо ты укрепляешь суверенитет Абхазии и
добиваешься ее согласия на дорогу, но это же перекрывает возможность согласия
со стороны Грузии. Либо ты делаешь реверанс в сторону Грузии, увеличиваешь ее
надежды на возвращение Абхазии, но тогда дорогу тебе не дают делать абхазы. Но
до договора была возможность пройти посередине, которой сейчас уже нет", -
подчеркнул он.


В целом, отношение Епифанцева к договору
резко отрицательно, учитывая, что он не преследует интересы России, предполагая
лишь дополнительные расходы на содержание Абхазии. Меж тем, изначальная
российская версия этого договора была достаточно интересна и приемлема,
учитывая, что заключала в себе некую частичную интеграцию Абхазии в Россию, за
которую можно было платить. "Однако, абхазский парламент полностью
выхолостил дух и букву российской версии договора, оставив в нем лишь
обязательства России по содержанию Абхазии и убрав оттуда собственные
обязательства", - подытожил Епифанцев.


Абхазский участок железной дороги,
протянувшейся от остановочной платформы Псоу (абхазско-российская граница) до
остановочной платформы Ингур (абхазско-грузинская граница) - 221
км, закрыт для Армении и Грузии с 14 августа 1992 года, после подрыва железнодорожного моста через реку Ингур,
разделяющей Грузию и Абхазию. Как результат на данный момент возможности
армянской Южно-кавказской железной дороги находящейся в концессионном
управлении РЖД ограничиваются перевозкой пассажиров и грузов внутри Армении и в
Грузию в порты Поти и Батуми. Из четырех стыковых станций ЮКЖД работает только
одна с Грузией - Айрум-Садахло

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